%0 Article
%T Dwarf shrubs as bioindicators.
%A Mikkonen, Hilkka
%A Huttunen, Satu
%D 1981
%J Silva Fennica
%V 15
%N 4
%R doi:10.14214/sf.a15377
%U https://silvafennica.fi/article/5150
%X <p>Several studies of air polluted forest environments have shown that dwarf shrubs suffer from air pollution. In many cases the disturbances have been attributed to the susceptibility of the dwarf shrubs, while in some cases the vegetational competition factor has been discussed. The growth pattern of dwarf shrubs is very complicated and a single individual can cover large areas due to vegetative reproduction. Since dwarf shrub individuals cannot be transplanted for the purpose of laboratory or field tests, the only possibility is to use small cuttings for the bioindication studies. Some preliminary results are discussed.</p>