%0 Research article
%T Use of pesticides in Finnish forest nurseries in 1996
%A Juntunen, Marja-Liisa
%D 2001
%J Silva Fennica
%V 35
%N 2
%R doi:10.14214/sf.592
%U https://silvafennica.fi/article/592
%X In 1996 a questionnaire on seedling production and use of pesticides was  sent to 33 forest nurseries in Finland. Twenty-eight nurseries answered  the questionnaire; thus the survey covered about 80% of the Finnish  production of forest seedlings. According to this study, the Finnish  nurseries together are using about 1000 kilograms of pesticides (as  active ingredient, a.i.) annually. The most used herbicide was  terbutylazine (Gardoprim-Neste®), and half of the total amount of  fungicide used was chlorothalonil (Bravo 500®). Three fourths of the  insecticide products had permethrin as the active ingredient. The  nurseries applied, on average, 1.7 kg pesticides (a.i.)/ha annually,  although the amount varied considerably between nurseries. In production  of container seedlings the highest mean amounts of pesticides were  applied to pine seedlings (9.5 kg/ha) and the lowest to spruce seedlings  (0.9 kg/ha). To the fields of bareroot seedlings the nurseries applied,  on average, 3.9 kg pesticides (a.i.)/ha. Mean amounts of pesticide  (a.i.) per 1000 seedlings grown in containers were almost the same for  birch and pine production, 1.6 and 1.7 grams, respectively; for  production of spruce seedlings the comparable values were less than 0.5  grams. For production of bareroot seedlings the nurseries used about  four times more pesticides than for container seedlings.