%0 Review article
%T Pine mortality after planting on post-agricultural lands in South Africa
%A Zwolinski, Janusz B.
%A South, David B.
%A Droomer, E. A. P.
%D 1998
%J Silva Fennica
%V 32
%N 3
%R doi:10.14214/sf.687
%U https://silvafennica.fi/article/687
%X Successful afforestation has been practiced in South Africa for more  than a century. Recently, however, problems with afforestation of pines  have occurred in the northeastern part of the Eastern Cape Province.  Rapid mortality of Pinus patula and P. elliottii have occurred when  small container seedlings were planted on old-agricultural soils. Death  would often occur within 5 months of planting. Growth of surviving trees  was retarded and new needles were chlorotic and stunted. Acceptable  survival was obtained when seedlings were planted on virgin grasslands.  Apparently, some unseen factor in the post-agricultural soil reduces  root growth, increases mortality, and decreases uptake of nutrients.  Removal of the infested soil by scalping greatly improves survival and  growth as does soil fumigation with methyl bromide.