Table 2. Effect of regenerating saplings (>0.5 m height) on vegetation composition constrained by management type in permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Mean height, DBH (diameter at breast height), basal area, and density of saplings are given. The significant effects are shown in bold. The letters designate significant differences according to the pairwise Tukey’s post-hoc test. The tests were conducted separately for each of the four forest types.
Cladinoso-callunosa Vacciniosa Myrtilloso-sphagnosa Sphagnosa
NAT SALNAT SALPLA NAT SALNAT SALPLA NAT SALNAT SALPLA NAT SALNAT SALPLA
Regenerated seedlings
Pine
Height (m) 0.5A 4.5B 3.3A 2.7A 3.7B 5.3AB 1.8 1.5 6.5 1.2 2.6 3.8
DBH (cm) 0.0A 4.8B 4.5C 2.2A 3.7B 7.6AB 0.9 0.7 10.3 0.4 2.0 4.8
Basal area (m2 ha–1) 0.0A 0.004B 0.004C 0.00A 0.003B 0.009AB 0.0003 0.0001 0.01 0.00009 0.0007 0.003
Density (n ha–1) 4560A 5200AB 1800B 12880A 4280B 1560AB 6640A 5720B 1240AB 12440A 8160B 2240A
Birch
Height (m) 0.0A 1.2B 0.0A 1.4A 1.0B 0.0AB 1.9A 1.2B 0.0B 0.9A 2.0B 0.0C
DBH (cm) 0.0A 0.3B 0.0A 0.4A 0.4B 0.0A 0.6A 0.2B 0.0B 0.0A 0.7B 0.0B
Basal area (m2 ha–1) 0.0A 0.00003B 0.0A 0.0001 0.00007 0.0 0.0002A 0.00002B 0.0B 0.0A 0.0001B 0.0B
Density (n ha–1) 0A 1320B 0A 1080 1920 0 15080A 10440AB 0B 7880A 17280AB 0B
Spruce
Height (m) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.1A 1.1B 0.0B 0.1 0.0 0.0
DBH (cm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5A 0.4B 0.0B 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basal area (m2 ha–1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0005A 0.00009B 0.0B 0.0 0.0 0.0
Density (n ha–1) 0 0 0 200 40 0 5520 7320 0 80 0 0
Alder
Height (m) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A 0.7B 0.0A 3.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
DBH (cm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A 0.8B 0.0A 3.0A 0.0B 0.0B 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basal area (m2 ha–1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A 5.8B 0.0A 0.002A 0.0B 0.0B 0.0 0.0 0.0
Density (n ha–1) 0 0 0 0A 560B 0A 640A 320B 0B 40 0 0
Survived pine
Height (m) 9.8A 0.0B 0.0A 22.0A 11.7B 0.0C 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6A 0.0B 0.0AB
DBH (cm) 24.0A 0.0B 0.0A 14.5A 25.9B 0.0A 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0A 0.0B 0.0AB
Basal area (m2 ha–1) 7.3A 0.0B 0.0A 2.3A 4.5AB 0.0B 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5A 0.0B 0.0AB
NAT – natural regeneration, SALNAT – salvage logged and left for natural regeneration, SALPLA – salvage logging with planting.