Table 7. Results of previous chain flail studies.
Machine Make	Model	Chipper	Species	Piece size m3 or t	Productivity		Utilization %	Country	Reference study
					m3 PMH–1	t PMH–1
Husky Precision	FD 2300	Yes	E. globulus	0.200	-	57.8	92	Australia	Ghaffariyan et al. 2013a
Morbark	B12	Yes	Pinus radiata*	0.120	-	59.4	83	Australia	Ghaffariyan et al. 2013b
Hooli	-	No	Pinus sylvestris	0.04	-	21.1–32.4	79	Finland	Kons and Läspä 2013
Peterson Pacific	DDC 5000	Yes	Populus spp.	0.131	-	59	89	USA	Spinelli and Hartsough 2006
Morbark	2455	Yes	Populus spp.	0.143	-	54.8	89	USA	Spinelli and Hartsough 2006
Peterson Pacific	DDC 5000	Yes	Populus spp.	0.180–0.200	-	52.2–57.4	95	USA	Hartsough et al. 2002
Peterson Pacific	DDC 5000	Yes	Eucalyptus spp.	0.134	-	34.6	77	USA	Spinelli et al 2002
Morbark	2348	Yes	Eucalyptus spp.	0.086	-	44.8	75	USA	Spinelli et al 2002
Peterson Pacific	DDC 5000	Yes	P. tremula & Picea glauca**	-	40–69	-	-	Canada	Araki 2002
Chambers	Delimbinator	No	P. Taeda	0.090–0.212	-	39.2–57.3	90	USA	Mooney et al. 2000
Peterson Pacific	4800	No	Northern hardwoods	0.227	-	52.6	62	USA	Thompson and Sturos 1991
Peterson Pacific	4800	No	Abies mariana & P. contorta***	0.050–0.150	-	27–48	50	USA	Andersson et al. 1989
Chipper = whether the flail is a stand alone unit or it is paired with a chipper; Piece size = m3 ub or t clean wood; PMH = productive machine hours, excluding delays; SMH = scheduled machine hours, including delays; Utilization = productive time/scheduled time; * 5-m long logs – all other studies were conducted on whole trees; Eucalyptus spp. = E. camaldulensis and E. viminalis; ** fire-damaged trees; *** frozen wood