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Fig. 1. The area used by Malå Sami village with designated areas of importance for reindeer husbandry. Location in Sweden (left) and designated areas (right).

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Fig. 2. Part of the Forest Wood Chain (above) with medium age stand development process followed by first thinning with a medium harvester and adult stand development and part of the Reindeer Husbandry Chain (below) with the processes of sorting, transport and slaughtering.

Table 1. List of sustainability indicators.
Indicator (type) Indicator Unit Process unit
GVA1 (Economic) € m3ub or kg meat
Production costs (Economic) € m3ub or kg meat
FTE2 (Social) Number of full time working persons 1000 m3ub or kg meat
Fatal accidents (Social) Number of accidents 1000 m3ub or kg meat
GHG3 (Environmental) kg CO2eq m3ub or kg meat
1 Gross Value Added
2 Full Time Employment
3 Green House Gas
Table 2. Absolute number of hunted moose, reindeer (winter herd), born calves, traffic losses and slaughtering for the scenarios.
Scenario Hunted moose Winter stem reindeer1 Born calves Traffic losses Other losses2 Slaughtered
REFERENCE NATURE COMBINED 16 6200 4200 160 1540 25003
REINDEER 16 6400 4335 160 13404 28355
1 70% cows
2 Predators, starvation and natural causes
3 64% calves
4 200 less losses due to better and richer grazing
5 69% calves
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Fig. 3. Development of potential mean annual harvest (volume, million m3ob) from 2009 to 2034 due to prescribed management in REFERENCE and the scenarios.

Table 3. Calculated potential wood flow from forests to industry in millions of cubic meters, m3ub (under bark, harvested volume) in studied area.
Scenario Saw timber Pulp wood  
Thinning Final felling All sawn timber Thinning Final felling All pulpwood Total
REFERENCE 0.11 0.32 0.43 0.25 0.53 0.78 1.21
REINDEER 0.12 0.25 0.37 0.25 0.39 0.64 1.01
NATURE 0.12 0.25 0.37 0.24 0.45 0.69 1.06
COMBINED 0.10 0.23 0.34 0.21 0.38 0.59 0.93
Table 4. Indicators and its values reflecting the accumulated performance of the FWC (Forest Wood Chain) and RC (Reindeer Husbandry Chain) in REFERENCE and scenarios.
Scenario GVA1 million € Prod. costs,
million € 		FTE2,
persons 		GHG3, 1000 tonne
CO2 equivalents 		Risk for fatal accidents per year
FWC
REFERENCE 54.2 92.8 659 358 0.33
REINDEER 41.1 67.0 508 277 0.26
NATURE 52.7 90.0 585 350 0.33
COMBINED 38.6 78.5 479 262 0.24
RC
REFERENCE 0.90 0.46 12 20.2 0.18
REINDEER 1.09 0.34 13 20.9 0.18
NATURE and COMBINED 1.05 0.33 12 20.2 0.18
1 Gross Value Added
2 Full Time Employment
3 Green House Gas
Table 5. Indicator values reflecting the contribution of the chain components to the FWC (Forest Wood Chain) from forest to industry processes in REFERENCE.
Components GVA1 million € Prod. costs,
million € 		FTE2,
persons 		GHG3, 1000 tonne
CO2 equiv. 		Risk for fatal
accidents per year
TOTAL 54.2 92.8 659 357.7 0.33
Industry 30.8 57.3 365 337.4 0.05
Forest operations (Transports and Logging) 27.4 32.9 253 20.0 0.29
Transports –9,0 13.1 70 14,1 0.03
Logging 36.4 19.8 183 5.9 0.26
Forest Resource Management –3.9 2.6 41 0.3 0.00
1 Gross Value Added
2 Full Time Employment
3 Green House Gas
Table 6. Indicator values reflecting the contribution of the chain components to the FWC (Forest Wood Chain) from forest to industry processes in REINDEER.
Components GVA1 million € Prod. costs,
million € 		FTE2,
persons 		GHG3, 1000 tonne CO2 equiv. Risk for fatal
accidents per year
TOTAL 41.1 67.0 508 276.5 0.26
Industry 23.6 44.1 275 260.2 0.03
Forest operations (Transports and Logging) 20.6 21.2 202 15.9 0.23
Transports –7.6 11.2 52 11,5 0.03
Logging 28.6 10.0 150 4,4 0.20
Forest Resource Management –3.1 1.7 31 0.3 0.00
1 Gross Value Added
2 Full Time Employment
3 Green House Gas
Table 7. Indicator values reflecting the contribution of the chain components to the FWC from forest to industry processes in NATURE.
Components GVA1 million € Prod. costs, million € FTE2,
persons 		GHG3, 1000 tonne CO2 equiv. Risk for fatal
accidents per year
TOTAL 52.7 95.4 585 350 0.33
Industry 29.8 55.6 346 330 0.04
Forest operations (Transports and Logging) 26.2 37.6 239 20 0.29
Transports –9.7 14.1 64 11 0.05
Logging 35.9 23,5 174 9 0.24
Forest Resource Management –3.3 2.0 33 0 0.00
1 Gross Value Added
2 Full Time Employment
3 Green House Gas
Table 8. Indicator values reflecting the contribution of the chain components to the FWC from forest to industry processes in COMBINED.
Components GVA1 million € Prod. costs,
million € 		FTE2,
persons 		GHG3, 1000 tonne CO2 equiv. Risk for fatal
accidents per year
TOTAL 38.6 78.5 479 262.3 0.24
Industry 22.5 42.0 263 247.2 0.03
Forest operations (Transports and Logging) 19.2 34.8 185 14.9 0.21
Transports –7.1 10.4 45 10.6 0.03
Logging 26.3 24.4 140 4,3 0.18
Forest Resource Management –3.05 3.0 31 0.3 0.00
1 Gross Value Added
2 Full Time Employment
3 Green House Gas
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Fig. 4. Production costs (€) for the Sami village distributed on general expenses and reindeer husbandry seasons.

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Fig. 5. Development of growing stock (volume, m3 per ha) from 2009 to 2108 for REFERENCE and each scenario.

Table 9. Annual sequestration (trees above ground) and emissions from FWC1 2009–2059 in the study area, 1000 tonnes CO2 equivalents.
Scenario Sequestration Emissions Quota (sequestration/ emission)
REFERENCE 125 358 0.35
RENDEER 420 277 1.52
NATURE 522 351 1.49
COMBINED 387 262 1.47
1 Forest Wood Chain