Fig. 1. Points (marked with ‘@’) show he relative frequencies of damaged treated seedlings, f₂, in different stands with respect to the relative frequency of damaged control seedlings, f₁. The error bars in both directions indicate the standard error computed as . The thin solid lines describe the median and 95% confidence interval when the probability of damage of treated seedlings, P_2i, is predicted from f₁ using the estimated model and simulation assuming that each stand has four plots with 17 seedlings in each plot. The thick solid lines show the median and 95% confidence interval when f₂ is predicted from f₁.

Fig. 2. The solid lines show the predicted stand level probability of damage  and the 95% confidence interval in treated seedlings as a function of the stand level probability P_1i of damage in control seedlings when distance to the humus is equal to its overall average. The maximum value for P_1i is P_1i  =  0.9999995 which is the upper 95% confidence limit for P_1i. The dashed lines are obtained when the distance to the humus is the average value ± sd. All curves go to one when P_1i goes to one.