Table 1. ANOVA results for hybrid larch dimensions six growing seasons after planting, and growth over the last two growing seasons.
Effect (fixed) ndf ddf Height 2015 Absolute growth rate in height 2013–2015 Ground-level diameter 2015 Absolute growth rate in ground-level diameter 2013–2015
F-value Pr > F F-value Pr > F F-value Pr > F F-value Pr > F
Site Preparation (SP) 4 7.7 0.657 0.639 0.289 0.876 0.783 0.553 0.518 0.725
Release scenario (Rel) 1 28.9 48.502 < 0.001 44.959 < 0.001 43.303 < 0.001 18.409 0.002
SP×Rel 4 27.4 0.083 0.987 0.263 0.899 0.383 0.817 0.265 0.894
Planting depth (PD) 1 27.2 0.267 0.609 0.018 0.894 0.493 0.491 0.363 0.554
SP×PD 4 26.4 1.358 0.275 0.619 0.653 1.611 0.213 1.508 0.240
Rel×PD 1 27.2 0.710 0.407 0.018 0.893 1.591 0.222 0.861 0.365
SP×Rel×PD 4 26.4 1.019 0.416 0.935 0.459 0.801 0.540 1.215 0.338
ndf = numerator degrees of freedom; ddf = denominator degrees of freedom. ddf were calculated using the Satterthwaite method (Spilke et al. 2005) and thus vary depending on the response variables. For brevity, ddf are presented for ‘Height 2015’ only.
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Fig. 1. Height (a, c, e) and diameter (b, d, f) profiles of hybrid larch seedlings as influenced by site preparation (a, b), motor-manual release scenario (c, d) and planting depth (e, f) over six growing seasons. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. In c and d, black arrows indicate the timing of the ‘Single Release 3’ treatment; grey arrows indicate the timing of the ‘Double Release 2–4’ treatments. Analyses were conducted on final dimensions and on absolute growth rates over the last 24 months; full profiles are provided for information only. T = simple trenching; T-Da = double adjacent trenching; T-Di = double intensive trenching; M = mounding; M-inv = inverting.

Table 2. ANOVA results for hybrid larch survival six growing seasons after planting.
Effect (fixed) ndf ddf Survival
F-value Pr > F
Site Preparation (SP) 4 8 3.244 0.052
Release scenario (Rel) 1 9 22.540 0.006
SP×Rel 4 9 3.113 0.047
Planting depth (PD) 1 19 1.723 0.063
SP×PD 4 19 4.295 0.006
Rel×PD 1 19 7.948 0.002
SP×Rel×PD 4 19 2.132 0.044
ndf = numerator degrees of freedom; ddf = denominator degrees of freedom.
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Fig. 2. Survival of hybrid larch seedlings after six growing seasons, as influenced by combinations of site preparation (T = simple trenching; T-Da = double adjacent trenching; T-Di = double intensive trenching; M = mounding; M-inv = inverting), motor-manual release scenario (Single Release 3; Double Release 2–4) and planting depth (0–3 cm; 3–10 cm). Data are presented as mean ± 95% CI, back-transformed from the logit scale.