Fig. 1. Development of vegetation cover (%) (A), and height (cm) (B) over time. Bars indicate standard deviation. NWC = no weed control; WC = weed control; NF = no fertilization; F = fertilization.

Fig. 2. The influence of vegetation in terms of shading (%) (A), and damage by broadleaved trees (%) to Scots pine seedlings (B). Bars indicate standard deviation. NWC = no weed control; WC = weed control; NF = no fertilization; F = fertilization.

Fig. 3. Changes in Scots pine mortality (%) over time by treatment (NWC = no weed control; WC = weed control; NF = no fertilization; F = fertilization).

Fig. 4. Changes in Scots pine height (m) (A), and diameter at breast height (cm) (B) over time. Bars show the factorial main effects of weed control and fertilization. NWC = no weed control; WC = weed control; NF = no fertilization; F = fertilization.

Fig. 5. Scots pine stand volume (m3 ha–1) at years 16 and 21 by treatment (NWC = no weed control; WC = weed control; NF = no fertilization; F = fertilization).

Fig. 6. Changes in Scots pine trees exhibiting good development potential (stems ha–1) by treatment. The bars show the factorial main effects of weed control and fertilization. NWC = no weed control; WC = weed control; NF = no fertilization; F = fertilization.

Table 1. The effect of weed control and fertilization on Scots pine foliar nutrients in a trial established on a peat-based, former agricultural land, northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. “Year” indicates changes in nutrient concentrations over time. Values marked in bold are significant at p < 0.05.
Variable Weed control Fertilization Weed control ×
Fertilization 		Year Year ×
Weed control 		Year ×
Fertilization 		Year × Weed control × Fertilization
N 0.590 0.227 0.443 0.182 0.728 0.941 0.445
P 0.019 0.863 0.207 0.000 0.384 0.166 0.129
K 0.392 0.036 0.831 0.000 0.157 0.184 0.782
Ca 0.428 0.439 0.602 0.001 0.106 0.001 0.254
Mg 0.039 0.280 0.588 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.002
Mn 0.824 0.123 0.046 0.000 0.661 0.001 0.686
Fe 0.485 0.532 0.898 0.000 0.790 0.847 0.912
Cu 0.272 0.880 0.124 0.011 0.373 0.743 0.574
Zn 0.851 0.020 0.002 0.008 0.148 0.049 0.698
B 0.806 0.001 1.033 0.000 0.061 0.001 0.341

Fig. 7. Changes in Scots pine foliar N, P, K, Ca Mg and B concentrations by treatment (NWC = no weed control; WC = weed control; NF = no fertilization; F = fertilization). View larger in new window/tab