Table 1. Machine concept chipper truck and its attributes.
Chipper [ ] Jenz HEM 561 R
Type [ ] MAN TGA 28.480 6x4-4BL
Drum [mm] 820
Blades [n] 10/20
Drive [ ] MAN chassis
Engine power [kw] 353
Loading unit [ ] Epsilon E110L Plus
Weight [t] 20
Discharge [ ] Blowing unit
Year 2007
t1
Table 2. Transporting vehicle attributes.
Code Type of engine and chassis Year of construction
184-1 Mercedes Benz Actros 2640 L 6x4 2000
214-2 MAN 27364 DFC T48 6x4 2000
734-4 Mercedes Benz Actros 2640 6x4 1998
728-3 MAN TGA 33.4440 BB H 35 6x4 2007
Fig. 1

Fig. 1. Fleet management equipment with the components that were used during the project.

Fig. 2

Fig. 2. Flow-process-chart for semi-automated process assignment. View larger in new window/tab.

Table 3. Average load data [green-tons] of participating trucks during the study period.
Vehicle ID Mean Maximum Minimum 5th percentile 95th percentile [n]
184-1 22.5 28.9 10.4 17.0 27.1 101
214-2 23.0 26.9 14.1 19.2 25.5 77
728-3 22.3 28.7 14.7 16.5 27.5 79
734-4 22.1 27.4 8.4 18.2 25.5 179
Sum 22.4 28.9 8.4 17.2 26.2 436
Table 4. Average load data [odt] of the participating trucks during the study period.
Vehicle ID Mean Maximum Minimum 5th percentile 95th percentile [n]
184-1 14.3 18.1 7.1 10.4 17.2 101
214-2 14.1 17.8 8.3 10.3 17.4 77
728-3 13.9 18.2 9.0 10.2 16.9 79
734-4 13.7 19.2 5.3 9.5 16.7 179
Sum 13.9 19.2 5.3 10.2 17.2 436
Table 5. Time consumption [min] of the recorded processes for transport based on recorded and dispatched delivery notes.
Process Mean Maximum Minimum 5th percentile 95th percentile [n]
Driving empty 75.0 118.2 20.4 48.6 105.0 42
Loading 70.8 118.2 42.6 48.0 116.4 46
Driving loaded 81.0 159.6 46.8 56.4 137.4 43
Scaling/Unloading 25.2 51.6 12.6 13.2 48.0 40
Other delays 6.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 13.8 6
Waiting delays 24.6 69.6 3.6 3.6 69.6 12
Others 4.2 11.4 0.0 0.0 11.4 22
Table 6. Time consumption [min] for scaling and unloading activities at the plant for participating trucks during the study period.
Vehicle ID Mean Maximum Minimum 5th percentile 95th percentile [n]
184-1 37.6 93.0 12.0 14.0 77.0 85
214-2 34.0 67.0 12.0 14.0 56.0 67
728-3 32.9 97.0 12.0 14.0 64.0 73
734-4 39.3 95.0 12.0 15.0 69.0 146
Sum 36.7 97.0 12.0 14.0 67.0 371
Table 7. Process time with a running engine during the study period based on automatically assigned processes.
Process with running engine Sum [h] 15 Months Sum [h] 12 Months [%]
Chipping 1203.0 962.4 48.6
Driving 585.8 468.7 23.7
Idle running 608.4 486.7 24.6
Others 79.4 63.5 3.2
Sum 2476.6 1981.3 100
Table 8. Chipper productivity, load data, distance and time consumption for transport activities based on automated assignment of processes.
  Productivity of the Chipper [odt/PSH15] Load/Truck [odt] Chipping site-plant distance [km] Time consumption/ distance [h]
Mean 12.8 13.8 53.7 1.4
Maximum 29.7 18.2 97.0 2.9
Minimum 5.3 5.3 28.0 0.7
5th percentile 6.2 9.6 35.0 0.9
95th percentile 20.7 16.9 85.0 2.1
[n] 242 242 253 253
Table 9. Fuel consumption [l/100 km] based on the electronic fueling data of the enterprise.
Vehicle ID Mean Maximum Minimum. 5th percentile 95th percentile [n]
184-1 47.7 61.5 20.4 41.7 56.2 76
214-2 48.3 73.1 26.4 29.7 69.7 28
728-3 56.8 85.1 31.8 43.9 78.2 63
734-4 45.9 78.8 20.7 24.4 61.8 67
Sum 49.7 85.1 20.4 34.4 71.5 234
Table 10. Fuel consumption based on the analyzed FMS-data of vehicle 728-3.
Consumption Mean Maximum Minimum. 5th percentile 95th percentile [n]
All activities
[l/100 km] 		54.7 88.0 25.9 39.9 80.3 191
Driving
[l/100 km] 		50.0 90.0 24.0 38.0 69.6 215
Table 11. Fuel consumption of the chipper.
Fuel consumption Mean Maximum Minimum. 5th percentile 95th percentile [n]
[l/h] 40.5 130.6 20.2 21.6 92.3 127
[l/machine hour] 57.6 143.4 21.4 25.0 105.4 151
Fig. 3

Fig. 3. Effects of moisture content on transport productivity costs that are based on recorded data.

Table 12. Cost calculation for the equipment used in the study based on the conditions during data recording.
Component Figure
Hardware server [€] 4657.50
Hardware vehicle [€] 13925.00
Software server [€] 9885.00
Software vehicle [€] 2860.00
Installation [€] 12249.00
Additional costs [€/month] 119.00
Summarized costs 43576.50
Depreciation [years] 5
Number of vehicles 5
Number of loads [n/a] 200
Costs without taxes [€/odt] 0.72