Full text of this article is only available in PDF format.

Leo Heikurainen (email)

Verhopuuston vaikutus kuusitaimikon kehitykseen.

Heikurainen L. (1985). Verhopuuston vaikutus kuusitaimikon kehitykseen. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 1 article id 5233. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15412

English title: The influence of birch nurse crop (Betula pubescens) on the growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedling stands on drained peatlands

Abstract

Young Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) are susceptible to early summer frost damage. Birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) naturally colonize rich or fairly rich drained peatlands after clear cutting, and can provide protection for developing seedlings. The report describes the development of spruce stands after various types of handing of the birch nurse crops.

Different proportions of birch and spruces did not have any influence on the spruce stand production. In cases where the nurse crop stand is removed when the spruce stand age was 20 years and height 4 m the spruce suffered badly but recovered with time, reaching the spruce stand growing under a nurse stand within the next 20 years. The height growth of spruce depends on the density of the nurse stand, especially on fertile sites. The development of diameter growth also depends on the density of the nurse trees. Removal of the nurse stand in spruce stands on the sites concerned should be done when the spruce stand is 20 years old and at the height of 4 m.

The PDF includes a summary in English.

Original keywords
kuusi; metsänhoito; kasvu; ojitetut suot; suojapuusto; pakkasvauriot; hieskoivu; verhopuusto; verhopuuston tiheys; verhopuuston poisto

English keywords
forest management; Norway spruce; Picea abies; Betula pubescens; tree growth; frost damages; nurse stand

Published in 1985

Views 2861

Available at https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15412 | Download PDF

Creative Commons License CC BY-SA 4.0

Register
Click this link to register to Silva Fennica.
Log in
If you are a registered user, log in to save your selected articles for later access.
Contents alert
Sign up to receive alerts of new content

Your selected articles
Your search results
Hökkä H., Alenius V. et al. (1997) Individual-tree basal area growth models for Sco.. Silva Fennica vol. 31 no. 2 article id 5616
Kuuluvainen T., Leinonen K. et al. (1996) Statistical opportunities for comparing stand st.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 2–3 article id 5598
Skre O., Nes K. (1996) Combined effects of elevated winter temperatures.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 2–3 article id 5581
Vettenranta J., (1996) Effect of species composition on economic return.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 1 article id 5574
Jokinen K. J., Durzan D. J. (1994) Properties of rescued embryonal suspensor masses.. Silva Fennica vol. 28 no. 2 article id 5400
Koistinen E., Valkonen S. (1993) Models for height development of Norway spruce a.. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 3 article id 5510
Pukkala T., Kolström T. (1991) Effect of spatial pattern of trees on the growth.. Silva Fennica vol. 25 no. 3 article id 5449
Kolström T., (1991) Results from the sowing and planting experiment .. Silva Fennica vol. 25 no. 2 article id 5445
Rostad H., (1988) Frost resistance during shoot elongation in Pice.. Silva Fennica vol. 22 no. 3 article id 5355
Johnsen Ø., Apeland I. (1988) Screening early autumn frost hardiness among pro.. Silva Fennica vol. 22 no. 3 article id 5353
Pukkala T., (1987) Effect of seed production on the annual growth o.. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 2 article id 5312
Pukkala T., (1987) Model for predicting the seed crop of Picea abie.. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 2 article id 5311
Kärkkäinen M., (1986) Model of knottiness of wood material in pine, sp.. Silva Fennica vol. 20 no. 2 article id 5266
Westman C. J., Leikola M. et al. (1985) The effect of large-scale nitrogen fertilization.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 4 article id 5253
Parviainen J., (1985) Growth of young Scots pine, Norway spruce, siber.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 4 article id 5249
Kärkkäinen M., (1985) Norway spruce wood grown in Finland compared wit.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 2 article id 5238
Mikola P., (1984) Selection system in timber harvesting in Finland Silva Fennica vol. 18 no. 3 article id 5220
Kärkkäinen M., (1984) Effect of tree social status on basic density of.. Silva Fennica vol. 18 no. 2 article id 5208
Saranpää P., (1983) The influence of basic density and growth ring w.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 4 article id 5199
Pohtila E., Pohjola T. (1983) Results from the reforestation experiment on plo.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 3 article id 5188
Kärkkäinen M., Dumell O. (1983) Effect of basic density and growth ring width on.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 2 article id 5181
Ollinmaa P. J., (1981) Physical properties of wood growing on drained s.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 3 article id 5128
Greis I., Kellomäki S. (1981) Crown structure and stem growth of Norway spruce.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 3 article id 5125
Jokinen R., (1980) Estimation of growth response achieved through f.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 3 article id 5081
Luukkanen O., Johansson S. (1980) Flower induction by exogenous plant hormones in .. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5070
Mikola J., (1980) The effect of seed size and duration of growth o.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5069
Niiranen J., (1980) Methods used in cutting propagation of forest tr.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5065
Raunemaa T., Hautojärvi A. et al. (1979) Trace element analysis of sound and decayed Norw.. Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 1 article id 5017
Saarenmaa H., (1978) The occurrence of bark beetles (Col., Scolytidae.. Silva Fennica vol. 12 no. 3 article id 5003
Kapustinskaité T., (1975) Ash content of peatland soils and stand growth i.. Silva Fennica vol. 9 no. 3 article id 4924
Mannerkoski H., (1973) Ecological investigations in a drained peatland .. Silva Fennica vol. 7 no. 2 article id 4882
Kärkkäinen M., (1972) The proportion of heartwood in Norway spruce (Pi.. Silva Fennica vol. 6 no. 3 article id 4872
Hari P., Lehtiniemi T. (1972) The effect of temperature and moisture on germin.. Silva Fennica vol. 6 no. 2 article id 4866
Pohtila E., (1972) Effect of fine-grounded copper rock phosphate pl.. Silva Fennica vol. 6 no. 1 article id 4859
Luukkanen O., Räsänen P. K. et al. (1971) The use of needle colour in predicting growth an.. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 4 article id 4853
Mannerkoski H., (1971) Effect of fertilization on the initial developme.. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 2 article id 4841
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1971) Winter frost damages to the leaders of Norway sp.. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 2 article id 4840
Löyttyniemi K., (1971) Influence of damage caused to needles of Norway .. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 1 article id 4835
Heikurainen L., Ouni J. (1970) Height growth of seedling stands growing on peat.. Silva Fennica vol. 4 no. 2 article id 4817
Löyttyniemi K., (1969) An Eriophyidae species damaging Norway spruce se.. Silva Fennica vol. 3 no. 3 article id 4802
Leikola M., Pylkkö P. (1969) Influence of stand density on the minimum temper.. Silva Fennica vol. 3 no. 1 article id 4784
Eklund B., (1967) Annual variation of increment in Scots pine and .. Silva Fennica vol. 1 no. 4 article id 4756
Schalin I., (1967) Microfungi in the humus layer of pine, spruce an.. Silva Fennica vol. 1 no. 2 article id 4745
Päivänen J., (1966) Distribution of rainfall in different types of f.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 119 article id 4732
Lähde E., (1966) Experiments on the decomposition rate of cellulo.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 119 article id 4730
Tamm C. O., (1965) Some experiences from forest fertilization trial.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 117 article id 4725
Jamalainen E. A., (1961) Damage by low-temperature parasitic fungi on con.. Silva Fennica vol. 0 no. 108 article id 4703
Kuusela K., (1956) On the structure and growth of birch stands trea.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 90 article id 4652
Kolehmainen V. A., (1955) Effect of prescribed burning in the forest regen.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 85 article id 4644
Kalliola R., (1942) Vegetation and flora in the Pyhätunturi National.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 59 article id 4579
Räsänen A. A., (1939) Forest regeneration in Northern Finland Silva Fennica vol. no. 52 article id 4559
Heikinheimo O., (1939) Experiences in forest management of Hylocomnium-.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 52 article id 4558
Tertti M., (1937) Regeneration felling of Norway spruce stands Silva Fennica vol. no. 42 article id 4513
Paperipuun-vientikomitea ., (1933) The pulpwood question Silva Fennica vol. no. 28 article id 4469
Keltikangas M., Tiililä P. (1968) The economic sequence of silver birch (Betula pe.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 82 no. 5 article id 7178
Ilvessalo Y., (1967) The development of natural normal forest stands .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 81 no. 5 article id 7170
Hårdh J. E., (1966) Trials with carbon dioxide, light and growth sub.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 81 no. 1 article id 7166
Heikurainen L., Seppälä K. (1965) Regionality in stand increment and its dependenc.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 78 no. 4 article id 7157
Laiho O., Mikola P. (1964) Studies on the effect of some eradicants on myco.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 77 no. 2 article id 7150
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1961) Experimental studies on the emergence and develo.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 75 no. 1 article id 7135
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1961) Emergence and initial development of tree seedli.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 74 no. 1 article id 7128
Ollinmaa P. J., (1960) Physical properties of wood growing on drained p.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 72 no. 2 article id 7119
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1960) Snow cover and ground frost in Finnish forests Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 71 no. 5 article id 7114
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1959) On machines for abrading seed wings and their in.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 68 no. 4 article id 7486
Heikurainen L., (1958) Root systems of mixed forest in drained peatlands Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 67 no. 2 article id 7476
Kallio K., (1957) On the development of spruce forests of the Oxal.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 66 no. 3 article id 7473
Nuorteva M., (1956) Effect of fellings on bark beetle population in .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 65 no. 4 article id 7467
Kalela E. K., (1949) On the horizontal roots in Scots pine and Norway.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 57 no. 2 article id 7398
Tikka P. S., (1947) Quality of Norway spruce stands in Peräpohjola i.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 55 no. 1 article id 7389
Kangas E., (1946) Drying of Norway spruce stands as forest damage .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 52 no. 5 article id 7383
Multamäki S. E., (1942) Frost injuries of Norway spruce seedlings and th.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 51 no. 1 article id 7377
Lappi-Seppälä M., (1942) Growth of Siberian larch in mixed stands in stat.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 8 article id 7361
Aaltonen V. T., (1942) Growth studies on tree seedlings Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 6 article id 7359
Multamäki S. E., (1939) Sowing and planting of Norway spruce in drained .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 47 no. 3 article id 7343
Sarvas R., (1937) Natural regeneration of burned areas. Forest bio.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 46 no. 1 article id 7336
Hertz M., (1929) Observations on annual and daily cycles in the h.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 34 no. 18 article id 7231
Ilvessalo Y., (1920) Growth and yield tables for the Scots pine, Norw.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 15 no. 4 article id 7042
Valsta Lauri., (1992) An optimization model for Norway spruce manageme.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 232 article id 7678
Finér L., (1989) Biomass and nutrient cycle in fertilized and unf.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 208 article id 7655
Nyyssönen A., Ojansuu R. (1982) Assessment of timber assortments, value and valu.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 179 article id 7626
Thammincha S., (1981) Climatic variation in radial growth of Scots pin.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 171 article id 7618
Nyyssönen A., Mielikäinen K. (1978) Estimation of stand increment Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 163 article id 7597
Brown R. T., Mikola P. (1974) The influence of fruticose soil lichens upon the.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 141 article id 7575
Seppälä K., (1972) Ditch spacing as a regulator of post-drainage st.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 125 article id 7559
Seppälä K., (1969) Post-drainage growth rate of Norway spruce and S.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 93 article id 7611
Leikola M., (1969) The influence of environmental factors on the di.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 92 article id 7610
Niemistö P., Korpunen H. et al. (2024) Harvesting efficiency and understory damage with.. Silva Fennica vol. 58 no. 2 article id 23065
Saksa T., Miina J. et al. (2023) Uprooting as a pre-commercial thinning operation.. Silva Fennica vol. 57 no. 2 article id 22027
Häggström B., Lutter R. et al. (2023) Effect of arginine-phosphate addition on early s.. Silva Fennica vol. 57 no. 2 article id 22013
Uotila K., Luoranen J. et al. (2022) Long-term growth response of Norway spruce in di.. Silva Fennica vol. 56 no. 4 article id 10762
Goude M., Nilsson U. et al. (2022) Comparing basal area growth models for Norway sp.. Silva Fennica vol. 56 no. 2 article id 10707
Dahlgren Lidman F., Holmström E. et al. (2021) Management of spontaneously regenerated mixed st.. Silva Fennica vol. 55 no. 4 article id 10485
Pikkarainen L., Luoranen J. et al. (2020) Comparison of planting success in one-year-old s.. Silva Fennica vol. 54 no. 1 article id 10243
Pukkala T., Holt Hanssen K. et al. (2019) Stem taper and bark functions for Norway spruce .. Silva Fennica vol. 53 no. 3 article id 10187
Skrøppa T., Steffenrem A. (2019) Genetic variation in phenology and growth among .. Silva Fennica vol. 53 no. 1 article id 10076
Repola J., Hökkä H. et al. (2018) Models for diameter and height growth of Scots p.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 5 article id 10055
Becker H., Aosaar J. et al. (2018) Annual net nitrogen mineralization and litter fl.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 4 article id 10013
Levkoev E., Mehtätalo L. et al. (2018) Development of height growth and frost hardiness.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 3 article id 9980
Bayer D., Pretzsch H. (2017) Reactions to gap emergence: Norway spruce increa.. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 5 article id 7748
Egbäck S., Nilsson U. et al. (2017) Modeling early height growth in trials of geneti.. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 3 article id 5662
Čermák P., Rybníček M. et al. (2017) Impact of climate change on growth dynamics of N.. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 2 article id 1781
Fahlvik N., Ekö P. M. et al. (2015) Effects of precommercial thinning strategies on .. Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 3 article id 1302
Luoranen J., Rikala R. (2015) Post-planting effects of early-season short-day .. Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 1 article id 1300
Hökkä H., Mäkelä H. (2015) Post-harvest height growth of Norway spruce seed.. Silva Fennica vol. 48 no. 5 article id 1192
Saarsalmi A., Tamminen P. et al. (2014) Effects of long-term fertilisation on soil prope.. Silva Fennica vol. 48 no. 1 article id 989
Hedwall P.-O., Grip H. et al. (2013) Effects of clear-cutting and slash removal on so.. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 2 article id 933
Gunulf A., Mc Carthy R. et al. (2012) Control efficacy of stump treatment and influenc.. Silva Fennica vol. 46 no. 5 article id 917
Niemistö P., Korpunen H. et al. (2012) Impact and productivity of harvesting while reta.. Silva Fennica vol. 46 no. 1 article id 67
Johansson K., Langvall O. et al. (2012) Optimization of environmental factors affecting .. Silva Fennica vol. 46 no. 1 article id 64
Lamedica S., Lingua E. et al. (2011) Spatial structure in four Norway spruce stands w.. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 5 article id 75
Luoranen J., Rikala R. et al. (2011) Machine planting of Norway spruce by Bracke and .. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 3 article id 107
Luoranen J., Rikala R. (2011) Nutrient loading of Norway spruce seedlings hast.. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 3 article id 105
Schiessl E., Grabner M. et al. (2010) Sub-montane Norway spruce as alternative seed so.. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 4 article id 453
Hellberg E., Josefsson T. et al. (2009) The transformation of a Norway spruce dominated .. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 5 article id 173
Weiskittel A. R., Kenefic L. S. et al. (2009) Long-term effects of precommercial thinning on t.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 196
Zubizarreta Gerendiain A., Peltola H. et al. (2009) Growth and wood property traits in narrow crowne.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 194
Luoranen J., Konttinen K. et al. (2009) Frost hardening and risk of a second flush in No.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 2 article id 209
Kankaanhuhta V., Saksa T. et al. (2009) Variation in the results of Norway spruce planti.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 1 article id 217
Hytönen J., Jylhä P. (2008) Fifteen-year response of weed control intensity .. Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 3 article id 242
Lännenpää A., Aakala T. et al. (2008) Tree mortality agents in pristine Norway spruce .. Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 2 article id 468
Bolli J. C., Rigling A. et al. (2007) The influence of changes in climate and land-use.. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 1 article id 307
Siipilehto J., (2006) Linear prediction application for modelling the .. Silva Fennica vol. 40 no. 3 article id 334
Repola J., Hökkä H. et al. (2006) Thinning intensity and growth of mixed spruce-bi.. Silva Fennica vol. 40 no. 1 article id 353
Sikström U., (2005) Pre-harvest soil acidification, liming or N fert.. Silva Fennica vol. 39 no. 3 article id 372
Jacobson S., (2003) Addition of stabilized wood ashes to Swedish con.. Silva Fennica vol. 37 no. 4 article id 483
Lindén M., Vollbrecht G. (2002) Sensitivity of Picea abies to butt rot in pure s.. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 4 article id 519
Lindström H., (2002) Intra-tree models of juvenile wood in Norway spr.. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 2 article id 542
Brække F. H., Salih N. (2002) Reliability of foliar analyses of Norway spruce .. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 2 article id 540
Lindström H., (2000) Intra-tree models of basic density in Norway spr.. Silva Fennica vol. 34 no. 4 article id 622
Kiffner C., Rössiger E. et al. (2008) Probability of recent bark stripping damage by r.. Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 1 article id 269
Saksa T., Heiskanen J. et al. (2005) Multilevel modelling of height growth in young N.. Silva Fennica vol. 39 no. 1 article id 403
Helenius P., Luoranen J. et al. (2004) Effect of thawing duration and temperature on fi.. Silva Fennica vol. 38 no. 3 article id 421
Partanen J., Leinonen I. et al. (2001) Effect of accumulated duration of the light peri.. Silva Fennica vol. 35 no. 1 article id 608