The effect of large-scale nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of mature Norway spruce stands in south-western Finland

Westman, Carl Johan; Leikola, Matti; Nummi, Tapio

Full text of this article is only available in PDF format.

Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 4 article id 5253 | 1985 | Article

Carl Johan Westman , Matti Leikola, Tapio Nummi

Käytännön typpilannoituksen vaikutus varttuneiden kuusikoiden kasvuun ja tuotokseen.

Westman C. J., Leikola M., Nummi T. (1985). Käytännön typpilannoituksen vaikutus varttuneiden kuusikoiden kasvuun ja tuotokseen. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 4 article id 5253. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15432

English title: The effect of large-scale nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of mature Norway spruce stands in south-western Finland

Abstract

A method for calculation of the effect of practical fertilization for economic evaluation is presented and discussed. 55 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) dominated stands on Oxalis-Myrtillus type sites were surveyed five to eight years after fertilization with nitrogen (90-170 kg/ha). The relationships between the fertilization effect and various stand characteristics were discussed. Fertilization increased the growth of the stands on an average by 2.2 m³/ha/year. In total the increase of tree growth during the research period was 17.5 m3/ha. This corresponds to a yield of 525–659 FIM/ha.

The PDF includes a summary in English.

Original keywords
kuusi; kannattavuus; metsätyyppi; tilavuuskasvu; lannoitus; typpilannoitus

English keywords
Norway spruce; fertilization; Picea abies; volume growth; profitability; nitrogen fertilization

Published in 1985

Available at https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15432 | Download PDF

Click this link to register to Silva Fennica.

If you are a registered user, log in to save your selected articles for later access.

Contents alert

Export reference to EndNote / RefWorks

Your selected articles

Your search results

Hökkä H., Alenius V. et al. (1997) Individual-tree basal area growth models for Sco.. Silva Fennica vol. 31 no. 2 article id 5616

Skre O., Nes K. (1996) Combined effects of elevated winter temperatures.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 2–3 article id 5581

Vettenranta J., (1996) Effect of species composition on economic return.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 1 article id 5574

Jokinen K. J., Durzan D. J. (1994) Properties of rescued embryonal suspensor masses.. Silva Fennica vol. 28 no. 2 article id 5400

Koistinen E., Valkonen S. (1993) Models for height development of Norway spruce a.. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 3 article id 5510

Pukkala T., Kolström T. (1991) Effect of spatial pattern of trees on the growth.. Silva Fennica vol. 25 no. 3 article id 5449

Kolström T., (1991) Results from the sowing and planting experiment .. Silva Fennica vol. 25 no. 2 article id 5445

Rostad H., (1988) Frost resistance during shoot elongation in Pice.. Silva Fennica vol. 22 no. 3 article id 5355

Johnsen Ø., Apeland I. (1988) Screening early autumn frost hardiness among pro.. Silva Fennica vol. 22 no. 3 article id 5353

Lumme I., (1988) Early effects of peat ash on growth and mineral .. Silva Fennica vol. 22 no. 2 article id 5344

Pukkala T., (1987) Effect of seed production on the annual growth o.. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 2 article id 5312

Pukkala T., (1987) Model for predicting the seed crop of Picea abie.. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 2 article id 5311

Palmgren K., Saarsalmi A. et al. (1985) Nitrogen fixation and biomass production in some.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 4 article id 5254

Parviainen J., (1985) Growth of young Scots pine, Norway spruce, siber.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 4 article id 5249

Kärkkäinen M., (1985) Norway spruce wood grown in Finland compared wit.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 2 article id 5238

Heikurainen L., (1985) The influence of birch nurse crop (Betula pubesc.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 1 article id 5233

Mikola P., (1984) Selection system in timber harvesting in Finland Silva Fennica vol. 18 no. 3 article id 5220

Kärkkäinen M., (1984) Effect of tree social status on basic density of.. Silva Fennica vol. 18 no. 2 article id 5208

Saranpää P., (1983) The influence of basic density and growth ring w.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 4 article id 5199

Heliövaara K., Annila E. et al. (1983) Effect of nitrogen fertilization and insecticide.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 4 article id 5197

Kärkkäinen M., Dumell O. (1983) Effect of basic density and growth ring width on.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 2 article id 5181

Kellomäki S., Puttonen P. et al. (1982) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on photosynthes.. Silva Fennica vol. 16 no. 4 article id 5169

Ollinmaa P. J., (1981) Physical properties of wood growing on drained s.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 3 article id 5128

Greis I., Kellomäki S. (1981) Crown structure and stem growth of Norway spruce.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 3 article id 5125

Jokinen R., (1980) Estimation of growth response achieved through f.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 3 article id 5081

Luukkanen O., Johansson S. (1980) Flower induction by exogenous plant hormones in .. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5070

Mikola J., (1980) The effect of seed size and duration of growth o.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5069

Kapustinskaité T., (1975) Ash content of peatland soils and stand growth i.. Silva Fennica vol. 9 no. 3 article id 4924

Westman C. J., (1974) Effect of urea application on nitrogen available.. Silva Fennica vol. 8 no. 2 article id 4902

Hari P., Lehtiniemi T. (1972) The effect of temperature and moisture on germin.. Silva Fennica vol. 6 no. 2 article id 4866

Pohtila E., (1972) Effect of fine-grounded copper rock phosphate pl.. Silva Fennica vol. 6 no. 1 article id 4859

Luukkanen O., Räsänen P. K. et al. (1971) The use of needle colour in predicting growth an.. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 4 article id 4853

Mannerkoski H., (1971) Effect of fertilization on the initial developme.. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 2 article id 4841

Löyttyniemi K., (1971) Influence of damage caused to needles of Norway .. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 1 article id 4835

Heikurainen L., Ouni J. (1970) Height growth of seedling stands growing on peat.. Silva Fennica vol. 4 no. 2 article id 4817

Solin P., (1970) Cold storage of Norway spruce cones and its effe.. Silva Fennica vol. 4 no. 1 article id 4810

Löyttyniemi K., (1969) The effect of treatment of Scots pine and Norway.. Silva Fennica vol. 3 no. 3 article id 4803

Eklund B., (1967) Annual variation of increment in Scots pine and .. Silva Fennica vol. 1 no. 4 article id 4756

Tamm C. O., (1965) Some experiences from forest fertilization trial.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 117 article id 4725

Tikka P. U. S., (1928) Observations on Norway spruce growth and develop.. Silva Fennica vol. 0 no. 10 article id 4451

Keltikangas M., Tiililä P. (1968) The economic sequence of silver birch (Betula pe.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 82 no. 5 article id 7178

Ilvessalo Y., (1967) The development of natural normal forest stands .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 81 no. 5 article id 7170

Heikurainen L., Seppälä K. (1965) Regionality in stand increment and its dependenc.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 78 no. 4 article id 7157

Kallio T., (1965) Studies on the biology of distribution and possi.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 78 no. 3 article id 7156

Yli-Vakkuri P., (1961) Experimental studies on the emergence and develo.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 75 no. 1 article id 7135

Kallio K., (1960) The mensurational density of a stand in estimati.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 71 no. 7 article id 7116

Yli-Vakkuri P., (1960) Snow cover and ground frost in Finnish forests Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 71 no. 5 article id 7114

Kallio K., (1957) On the development of spruce forests of the Oxal.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 66 no. 3 article id 7473

Nuorteva M., (1956) Effect of fellings on bark beetle population in .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 65 no. 4 article id 7467

Kalela E. K., (1949) On the horizontal roots in Scots pine and Norway.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 57 no. 2 article id 7398

Tikka P. S., (1947) Quality of Norway spruce stands in Peräpohjola i.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 55 no. 1 article id 7389

Kangas E., (1946) Drying of Norway spruce stands as forest damage .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 52 no. 5 article id 7383

Multamäki S. E., (1942) Frost injuries of Norway spruce seedlings and th.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 51 no. 1 article id 7377

Lappi-Seppälä M., (1942) Growth of Siberian larch in mixed stands in stat.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 8 article id 7361

Aaltonen V. T., (1942) Growth studies on tree seedlings Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 6 article id 7359

Multamäki S. E., (1939) Sowing and planting of Norway spruce in drained .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 47 no. 3 article id 7343

Sarvas R., (1937) Natural regeneration of burned areas. Forest bio.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 46 no. 1 article id 7336

Hertz M., (1929) Observations on annual and daily cycles in the h.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 34 no. 18 article id 7231

Ilvessalo Y., (1920) Growth and yield tables for the Scots pine, Norw.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 15 no. 4 article id 7042

Valsta Lauri., (1992) An optimization model for Norway spruce manageme.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 232 article id 7678

Kubin E., Kemppainen L. (1991) Effect of clearcutting of boreal spruce forest o.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 225 article id 7671

Finér L., (1989) Biomass and nutrient cycle in fertilized and unf.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 208 article id 7655

Nyyssönen A., Ojansuu R. (1982) Assessment of timber assortments, value and valu.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 179 article id 7626

Thammincha S., (1981) Climatic variation in radial growth of Scots pin.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 171 article id 7618

Laine J., Mannerkoski H. (1980) Effect on fertilization on tree growth and elk d.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 166 article id 7604

Nyyssönen A., Mielikäinen K. (1978) Estimation of stand increment Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 163 article id 7597

Brown R. T., Mikola P. (1974) The influence of fruticose soil lichens upon the.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 141 article id 7575

Seppälä K., (1972) Ditch spacing as a regulator of post-drainage st.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 125 article id 7559

Seppälä K., (1969) Post-drainage growth rate of Norway spruce and S.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 93 article id 7611

Leikola M., (1969) The influence of environmental factors on the di.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 92 article id 7610

Jetsonen J., Laurén A. et al. (2024) Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the ground .. Silva Fennica vol. 58 no. 1 article id 23058

Häggström B., Lutter R. et al. (2023) Effect of arginine-phosphate addition on early s.. Silva Fennica vol. 57 no. 2 article id 22013

Goude M., Nilsson U. et al. (2022) Comparing basal area growth models for Norway sp.. Silva Fennica vol. 56 no. 2 article id 10707

Dahlgren Lidman F., Holmström E. et al. (2021) Management of spontaneously regenerated mixed st.. Silva Fennica vol. 55 no. 4 article id 10485

Skrøppa T., Steffenrem A. (2019) Genetic variation in phenology and growth among .. Silva Fennica vol. 53 no. 1 article id 10076

Repola J., Hökkä H. et al. (2018) Models for diameter and height growth of Scots p.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 5 article id 10055

Becker H., Aosaar J. et al. (2018) Annual net nitrogen mineralization and litter fl.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 4 article id 10013

Levkoev E., Mehtätalo L. et al. (2018) Development of height growth and frost hardiness.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 3 article id 9980

Bayer D., Pretzsch H. (2017) Reactions to gap emergence: Norway spruce increa.. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 5 article id 7748

Sharma R. P., Vacek Z. et al. (2017) Modelling tree crown-to-bole diameter ratio for .. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 5 article id 1740

Egbäck S., Nilsson U. et al. (2017) Modeling early height growth in trials of geneti.. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 3 article id 5662

Čermák P., Rybníček M. et al. (2017) Impact of climate change on growth dynamics of N.. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 2 article id 1781

Fløistad I. S., Eldhuset T. D. (2017) Effect of photoperiod and fertilization on shoot.. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 1 article id 1704

Fahlvik N., Ekö P. M. et al. (2015) Effects of precommercial thinning strategies on .. Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 3 article id 1302

Luoranen J., Rikala R. (2015) Post-planting effects of early-season short-day .. Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 1 article id 1300

Hökkä H., Mäkelä H. (2015) Post-harvest height growth of Norway spruce seed.. Silva Fennica vol. 48 no. 5 article id 1192

Saarsalmi A., Tamminen P. et al. (2014) Effects of long-term fertilisation on soil prope.. Silva Fennica vol. 48 no. 1 article id 989

Johansson K., Ring E. et al. (2013) Effects of pre-harvest fertilization and subsequ.. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 4 article id 1016

Niemistö P., (2013) Effect of growing density on biomass and stem vo.. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 4 article id 1002

Thiffault N., Hébert F. et al. (2012) Planted Picea mariana growth and nutrition as in.. Silva Fennica vol. 46 no. 5 article id 918

Johansson K., Langvall O. et al. (2012) Optimization of environmental factors affecting .. Silva Fennica vol. 46 no. 1 article id 64

Lamedica S., Lingua E. et al. (2011) Spatial structure in four Norway spruce stands w.. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 5 article id 75

Luoranen J., Rikala R. et al. (2011) Machine planting of Norway spruce by Bracke and .. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 3 article id 107

Luoranen J., Rikala R. (2011) Nutrient loading of Norway spruce seedlings hast.. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 3 article id 105

Schiessl E., Grabner M. et al. (2010) Sub-montane Norway spruce as alternative seed so.. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 4 article id 453

Sikström U., Almqvist C. et al. (2010) Growth of Pinus sylvestris after the application.. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 3 article id 139

Weiskittel A. R., Kenefic L. S. et al. (2009) Long-term effects of precommercial thinning on t.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 196

Zubizarreta Gerendiain A., Peltola H. et al. (2009) Growth and wood property traits in narrow crowne.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 194

Heiskanen J., Lahti M. et al. (2009) Nutrient loading has a transitory effect on the .. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 2 article id 210

Luoranen J., Konttinen K. et al. (2009) Frost hardening and risk of a second flush in No.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 2 article id 209

Räisänen M., Repo T. et al. (2009) Cold acclimation of Norway spruce roots and shoo.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 2 article id 208

Kankaanhuhta V., Saksa T. et al. (2009) Variation in the results of Norway spruce planti.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 1 article id 217

Zubizarreta Gerendiain A., Peltola H. et al. (2008) Differences in growth and wood properties betwee.. Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 3 article id 247

Rönnberg J., Berglund M. et al. (2007) Incidence of butt rot at final felling and at fi.. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 4 article id 272

Renou-Wilson F., Farrell E. P. (2007) The use of foliage and soil information for mana.. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 3 article id 281

Repola J., Hökkä H. et al. (2006) Thinning intensity and growth of mixed spruce-bi.. Silva Fennica vol. 40 no. 1 article id 353

Saarsalmi A., Tamminen P. (2005) Boron, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization in .. Silva Fennica vol. 39 no. 3 article id 373

Sikström U., (2005) Pre-harvest soil acidification, liming or N fert.. Silva Fennica vol. 39 no. 3 article id 372

Siipilehto J., Siitonen J. (2004) Degree of previous cutting in explaining the dif.. Silva Fennica vol. 38 no. 4 article id 410

Nieminen M., (2004) Export of dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and.. Silva Fennica vol. 38 no. 2 article id 422

Jacobson S., (2003) Addition of stabilized wood ashes to Swedish con.. Silva Fennica vol. 37 no. 4 article id 483

Lindén M., Vollbrecht G. (2002) Sensitivity of Picea abies to butt rot in pure s.. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 4 article id 519

Lindström H., (2002) Intra-tree models of juvenile wood in Norway spr.. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 2 article id 542

Brække F. H., Salih N. (2002) Reliability of foliar analyses of Norway spruce .. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 2 article id 540

Lindström H., (2000) Intra-tree models of basic density in Norway spr.. Silva Fennica vol. 34 no. 4 article id 622

Jansons Ā., Matisons R. et al. (2015) Effect of initial fertilization on 34-year incre.. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. 1 article id 1346

Saksa T., Heiskanen J. et al. (2005) Multilevel modelling of height growth in young N.. Silva Fennica vol. 39 no. 1 article id 403

Helenius P., Luoranen J. et al. (2004) Effect of thawing duration and temperature on fi.. Silva Fennica vol. 38 no. 3 article id 421