article id 148,
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                        Research note
                    
        
                                    
                                    
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                            When recovering logging residues (LR) for bioenergy its density should  be increased before road transport, otherwise a low proportion of the  trucks’ load capacity will be used. One way this can be currently done  is to compress LR into bundles that are forwarded to roadside landing. A  less well-developed alternative is to forward loose LR and bundle it at  landing. In the presented study, a prototype specifically developed for  road-side bundling was found to produce larger, heavier bundles than  bundling machinery intended for in-field use (mean length, diameter and  raw bulk density 4.7 m, 0.8 m and 285 kg m–3, respectively,  with 299–445 kg oven dry matter per bundle). The machine was also at  least 30% more productive than previously described in-field bundling  systems, producing 14–19 bundles per productive work hour (PWh),  equivalent to 5.2–7.8 oven-dry tonnes PWh–1. Bundles were  estimated to use 67–86% of an LR truck’s 30 tonnes load capacity,  similar to proportions used when transporting loose LR. However, a  continuous feeding and compressing process would probably almost double  productivity, while longer bundles would enable full use of truck load  capacity. With such improvements bundling at road-side could provide a  viable alternative to current LR-recovering systems.
                        
                
                                            - 
                            Lindroos,
                            Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
                                                        E-mail:
                                                            ola.lindroos@srh.slu.se
                                                                                          
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                            Matisons,
                            Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
                                                        E-mail:
                                                            mm@nn.se
                                                                                
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                            Johansson,
                            Sveaskog Förvaltnings AB, Vindeln, Sweden
                                                        E-mail:
                                                            pj@nn.se
                                                                                
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                            Nordfjell,
                            Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
                                                        E-mail:
                                                            tn@nn.se