P. S. Tikka. (1940). Puiden vikanaisuuksien merkitys ja huomioon ottaminen Perä-Pohjolan mäntymetsien hoidossa. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 1 article id 7354. https://doi.org/10.14214/aff.7354

English title: The effect of injuries in trees on forest management of Scots pine stands in Northern Finland.

Original keywords: Pohjois-Suomi; metsänhoito; mänty; sienitaudit; vikaisuus; latvuskerrokset; tervasroso

English keywords: Pinus sylvestris; forest management; Scots pine; Cronartium flaccidum; pathogens; crown class; injuries; diseases; Scots pine blister rust

Abstract | View details | Full text in PDF | Author Info

The aim of the study was to find out what are the causes of damage in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands and the frequency of different kinds of injuries, which are then discussed in relation to the silvicultural state and management of the stands in comparison to ideal forests. Sample plots were studied in over 80-year old Scots pine dominated stands in mineral soil sites of different forest types in Northern Finland in the area of Perä-Pohjola. 10–40 trees were chosen as sample trees in each sample plot. The sample trees were felled, and the diameter, height of crown and injuries outside and inside of the stem were recorded.

Length of knot-free part of the stem was higher in the dominant trees and in older age classes of the trees. The form of the stem becomes broader and rounder with the age. The crowns are, however, longer in Northern Finland compared to Southern Finland. In management of Scots pine stands, all trees diseased by Scots pine blister rust (Cronartium flaccidum) should be removed. The disease is common in Northern Finland, and the number of diseased trees increases as the stands get older. Decay was more common in trees that had fire wounds. In general, injuries decreased the length and diameter growth of the trees. From the dominant trees should only injured and diseased trees removed in the thinnigs. Codominant trees can be left to grow when spare trees are needed to replace missing dominant trees. Detailed instruction of selection of the removed trees are given for each age class.

The PDF includes a summary in German.

Tikka, E-mail: pt@mm.unknown

Category : Research article

article id 25036, category Research article

Juha Kaitera, Tuula Piri, Minna Männistö, Sanna Vinblad, Heli Väätäjä, Kari Mäkitalo. (2026). Dogs can detect the rust fungus Cronartium pini in the forest. Silva Fennica vol. 60 no. 1 article id 25036. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.25036

Keywords: Pinus sylvestris; Scots pine blister rust; alternate hosts; canine; resin-top disease; scent detection

Highlights: Dogs identified Cronartium pini spores, fruit bodies and young and old lesions; Dogs identified both heteroecious and autoecious Cronartium pini; Dogs identified Cronartium pini at the early epidemical stage of the disease; Dogs identified Cronartium pini from latent infections in alive shoots.

Abstract | Full text in HTML | Full text in PDF | Author Info

Cronartium pini (Willd.) Jørst. is a major rust pathogen that kills especially Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Early diagnosis of the pathogen would reduce significant losses in managed forest productivity. Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris L.) with their accurate sense of smell have potential to detect forest pathogens at an early stage before they cause significant losses in forests. In this study, we tested in northern Finland whether trained volunteer dog-handler teams could identify infected wood, fruit bodies, spores or mycelia of C. pini in vitro and in vivo to facilitate early disease diagnosis. Volunteer dog-handler teams were able to indicate C. pini spores, fruit bodies and both fresh and old rust lesions on Scots pine including alive shoots, where the rust was present yet as latent. Five dogs out of five detected in vitro C. pini (both life-cycle forms), with 51% mean sensitivity and 58% mean precision. Four dogs out of four detected in vivo the autoecious life-cycle form of C. pini, with 95% mean sensitivity and 89% mean precision. In in vivo detection of the heteroecious life cycle form on pine, two dogs out of two performed with 78% mean sensitivity (100% precision). For identifying C. pini on alternate hosts in vivo, the mean sensitivity was 58% (precision 100%). Trained dog-handler pairs show promise as an aid in searching for C. pini especially in Scots pine stands at their early epidemical stage, but further testing is needed.

Kaitera, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Paavo Havaksen tie 3, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-7001 E-mail: juha.kaitera@luke.fi
Piri, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-3726 E-mail: tuula.piri@luke.fi
Männistö, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Ounasjoentie 6, FI-96200 Rovaniemi, Finland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9390-1104 E-mail: minna.mannisto@luke.fi
Vinblad, Lapland University of Applied Sciences, Jokiväylä 11 C, FI-96300 Rovaniemi, Finland https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1131-6143 E-mail: sanna.vinblad@lapinamk.fi
Väätäjä, Lapland University of Applied Sciences, Jokiväylä 11 C, FI-96300 Rovaniemi, Finland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3324-9497 E-mail: heli.vaataja@lapinamk.fi
Mäkitalo, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Ounasjoentie 6, FI-96200 Rovaniemi, Finland E-mail: kari.makitalo@luke.fi

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