A method is presented in this study for calculating the basic density of whole tree- and logging residue chips and the results of trial measurements on some commonly used chip sorts. The basic density of Scots pine whole tree chips was found to be 1–18 kg/m³ smaller than that of pine pulpwood of the same age. The basic density of Norway spruce whole tree chips was 4–22 kg/m³ greater than that of similar aged pulpwood. The basic density of birch whole tree chips was 4–16 kg/m³ and grey alder whole tree chips 7–24 kg/m³ greater than pulpwood of the same age. The basic density of conifer logging residue chips was considerably greater than that of pine and spruce whole tree ships.

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Mäkelä, E-mail: mm@mm.unknown

article id 4966, category Article

Markku Mäkelä. (1977). Seulontatuloksia Algol-monikäyttöhakkurin hakkeesta. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 2 article id 4966. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a14817

English title: Screening results on the chips made by Algol-multipurpose chipper.

Original keywords: hake; hakkurit; hakkeen laatu

English keywords: wood chips; chip quality; Algol chipper

Abstract | View details | Full text in PDF | Author Info

The first part of this paper consists of a study based on the available literature concerning the analysis of chip quality in the sulphate pulp process and the factors having an effect on chip quality. Using the empirical material, the suitability of the Williams chip classifier in evaluating the quality of chips made by the Algol chipper is first studied. The distribution of length and thickness of pulpwood-, long logs-, whole tree-, and logging residue chips in different conditions determined by screening is then presented.

The PDF includes a summary in English.

Mäkelä, E-mail: mm@mm.unknown

article id 4947, category Article

Matti Kärkkäinen. (1976). Kokopuuhakkeen tiheyden mittaaminen. Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 3 article id 4947. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a14793

English title: Measurement of basic density of total tree chips.

Original keywords: tiheys; mittausmenetelmät; hake

English keywords: basic density; wood chips; measuring methods

Abstract | View details | Full text in PDF | Author Info

The paper describes a method for the measurement of basic density of total tree chips. In the method the chips are placed in a container, which is immersed in a cylinder full of water, and the container is weighted at two levels. In the upper part of the cylinder the pressure against the air bubbles is smaller than in the lower level. In this method, the effect of air bubbles in the result can be eliminated. Besides this, due to homogenization of the material to be measured only small number of samples are needed for the estimation of the average basic density.

The PDF includes a summary in English.

Kärkkäinen, E-mail: mk@mm.unknown

Category : Research article

article id 899, category Research article

Franz Holzleitner, Christian Kanzian, Norbert Höller. (2013). Monitoring the chipping and transportation of wood fuels with a fleet management system. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 1 article id 899. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.899

Keywords: forest fuel; supply chain; monitoring; logistic; fleet management; wood chips

Abstract | Full text in HTML | Full text in PDF | Author Info

Controlling and organizing the complex forest-to-consumer supply chain of wood fuels is a challenging task, especially for the chipping and transport processes. Truck mounted chippers and transport trailer-trucks must be scheduled to minimize delay to be profitable. Job management within the supply chain, including machine activity based controlling, offers a new way to increase efficiency and productivity. However, detailed data are required to detect and analyze potential gaps and improve forest fuel supply. Generally, data regarding the wood fuel supply chain process are obtained from extensive time studies that are based on a specific process step. Although time studies can detect details during the production of forest fuels, they only describe certain time frames. Long-term data that are recorded during the entire year could encompass seasonal and short term effects. This study aims to monitor the forest fuel supply processes (semi-automated), specifically regarding time and fuel consumption. Large data sets were automatically and efficiently gathered with little effort by drivers and operators. Data were recorded with fleet management equipment for more than 14 months. Vehicle data, including GPS data, were logged at an interval of one minute. Data management was conducted in a pre-configured database that contained pre-defined reports and were run by the Institute of Forest Engineering, Vienna. Work step assignments were implemented with Structured Query Language (SQL)-routines by using the raw machine activities data and GPS. The chipping and transport activities of more than 240 loads were analyzed by focusing on fuel consumption, time needed and traffic. The average distance between chipping sites and plants was approximately 54 kilometers. Fuel consumption from transport reached 50 l/100 km. The chipping unit reached a productivity of 12.8 odt/PSH15 and had a fuel consumption of 58 liters per operating hour.

Holzleitner, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordanstrasse 82/3, 1190 Vienna, Austria E-mail: franz.holzleitner@boku.ac.at
Kanzian, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordanstrasse 82/3, 1190 Vienna, Austria E-mail: christian.kanzian@boku.ac.at
Höller, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordanstrasse 82/3, 1190 Vienna, Austria E-mail: norbert.hoeller@boku.ac.at

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