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Acta Forestalia Fennica
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Articles by Leo Tervo
Category : Article
article id 4991,
category
Article
Pertti Harstela,
Leo Tervo.
(1978).
Taimikkopuun korjuumenetelmien vertailua.
Silva Fennica
vol.
12
no.
2
article id 4991.
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a14845
English title: Comparison of methods for harvesting in sapling stand.
Original keywords:
metsätyö;
taimikko;
harvennus;
koneellistaminen;
kustannukset;
korjuukustannukset;
haketus
Abstract |
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A theoretical nomogram was made for estimating the costs of fully mechanized thinning and the driving speed of the machine. Based on this nomogram and the previous studies three harvesting methods were compared; systematic fully mechanized harvesting, selective fully mechanized harvesting, and manual felling combined with whole-tree chipping.
The third method was cheaper than the fully mechanized methods in a pole-stage stand. The choice of the most advantageous chipping station depended on conditions, but the smaller tree size and possibly the reduced damage on the remaining stand favour chipping on the strip road rather than chipping on the intermediate landing or at the mill.
Mechanized systematic thinning was the cheapest method for harvesting in the sapling stand. The required driving speed were so low that ergonomic factors should not hinder its use. Factors related to the future production of the stand do, however, limit its use. Mechanized selective thinning does not seem to be an economic method for harvesting in a sapling or pole-stage stand.
The PDF includes a summary in English.
-
Harstela,
E-mail:
ph@mm.unknown
- Tervo, E-mail: lt@mm.unknown
Category : Research article
article id 186,
category
Research article
Juho Rantala,
Pertti Harstela,
Veli-Matti Saarinen,
Leo Tervo.
(2009).
A techno-economic evaluation of Bracke and M-planter tree planting devices.
Silva Fennica
vol.
43
no.
4
article id 186.
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.186
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Techno-economically reasonable mechanization of tree planting has proved to be a difficult task in the Nordic working conditions. Although planting machines and combinations of base machine and planting device have been developed since the 1970s, mechanized planting has not been cost-competitive to manual planting. The aim of this study was to find out work time distributions, productivities, costs and effects of different work difficulty factors on productivities and costs of the state-of-the-art Nordic planting devices, Swedish Bracke and Finnish M-Planter, and to compare the devices with each other. The theory of comparative time studies was the base for the experimental design of this study. In the average working conditions, productivity (E15) of M-Planter (236 seedlings/hour) was 36.0% higher than that of Bracke (174 seedlings/hour). Here, M-Planter performed planting work 23.4% cheaper than Bracke. However, the difference depended greatly on the working conditions; the more stones or stumps the smaller the difference, and the more slash the bigger the difference.
-
Rantala,
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Unit, Juntintie 154, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland
E-mail:
juho.rantala@metla.fi
- Harstela, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Unit, Juntintie 154, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland E-mail: ph@nn.fi
- Saarinen, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Unit, Juntintie 154, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland E-mail: vms@nn.fi
- Tervo, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Unit, Juntintie 154, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland E-mail: lt@nn.fi
article id 305,
category
Research article
Anna-Maria Veijalainen,
Marja-Liisa Juntunen,
Arja Lilja,
Helvi Heinonen-Tanski,
Leo Tervo.
(2007).
Forest nursery waste composting in windrows with or without horse manure or urea – the composting process and nutrient leaching.
Silva Fennica
vol.
41
no.
1
article id 305.
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.305
Keywords:
microbial hygiene;
lignocellulose;
nutrients;
organic matter decomposition;
temperature;
tree seedling waste;
waste management
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In order to find the best management practices for forest nursery waste composting, organic waste was composted without or with horse manure or urea in six windrows for two years. The windrows were built in four consecutive years during 1999–2002. In 1999, no extra-nutrients were added to the windrow (N99). In 2000, urea fertilizer was used as a nitrogen source (U00). Despite this, the process did not function properly. In 2001, two windrows were built, one (H01) with and the other (N01) without horse manure. Horse manure slightly accelerated the heating process. Consequently, two windrows with more horse manure were built in 2002. One was aerated passively (H02) as earlier windrows, and the other was aerated forcedly (HA02). Horse manure and forced aeration were needed to keep the temperature above 55°C for long enough to ensure microbial hygiene of the material. The degradation of cellulose was greater during the curing stage. Nutrient leaching was low, although the additives increased leaching in conjunction with the inefficient process. The results showed that forest nursery waste alone is ineffective at raising the temperature of the compost, and degrades slowly due to its low nutrient and easily available carbon content. The best management practice for forest nursery waste composting is to use horse manure and aeration to ensure the heating process. Environmental contamination can be avoided by collecting the leachates. Further research is needed to evaluate the usability of the compost.
-
Veijalainen,
Finnish Forest Research Institute, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland
E-mail:
amv@nn.fi
- Juntunen, Finnish Forest Research Institute, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland E-mail: mlj@nn.fi
- Lilja, Finnish Forest Research Institute, PO Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland E-mail: al@nn.fi
- Heinonen-Tanski, Univ. of Kuopio, Dept. of Environm. Sc., PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland E-mail: hht@nn.fi
- Tervo, Finnish Forest Research Institute, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland E-mail: lt@nn.fi
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