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Silva Fennica 1926-1997
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Articles by Heli Peltola

Category : Article

article id 5618, category Article
Marja-Leena Nykänen, Marianne Broadgate, Seppo Kellomäki, Heli Peltola, Christopher Quine. (1997). Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European conditions. Silva Fennica vol. 31 no. 2 article id 5618. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a8519
Keywords: stem breakage; stand management; snow accumulation; topography; risk assessment; snow damage; snowfall; risk model
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article id 5505, category Article
Heli Peltola, Jorma Aho, Alpo Hassinen, Seppo Kellomäki, Matti Lemettinen. (1993). Swaying of trees as caused by wind: analysis of field measurements. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 2 article id 5505. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15666
Keywords: Pinus sylvestris; wind; windspeed; wind loads; dynamic load; bending
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article id 5504, category Article
Heli Peltola, Seppo Kellomäki. (1993). A mechanistic model for calculating windthrow and stem breakage of Scots pines at stand age. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 2 article id 5504. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15665
Keywords: Pinus sylvestris; wind; stems; breakage; windspeed; breaking stress; bending models
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Category : Climate resilient and sustainable forest management – Research article

article id 23069, category Climate resilient and sustainable forest management – Research article
John Alexander Pulgarin Diaz, Markus Melin, Tiina Ylioja, Päivi Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa, Heli Peltola, Olli-Pekka Tikkanen. (2024). Relationship between stand and landscape attributes and Ips typographus salvage loggings in Finland. Silva Fennica vol. 58 no. 3 article id 23069. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.23069
Keywords: Picea abies; wind damage; clear-cuts; European spruce bark beetle; stand attributes
Highlights: In Finland, the European spruce bark beetle (SBB) prefers mature stands (high age and mean diameter at breast hight), herb-rich heath forest sites and semi-coarse or coarse heath forest soil type, as well as a short distance to the closest wind damage from the previous-year, SBB damage from previous-year and particularly to clear-cuts; These stand types should be prioritised for monitoring SBB damage.
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Category : Research article

article id 25004, category Research article
Kalle Kemppainen, Kalle Kärhä, Juha Laitila, Antti Sairanen, Ville Kankaanhuhta, Heli Viiri, Heli Peltola. (2025). Evaluation of the productivity and costs of excavator-based mechanized tree planting in Finland based on automated data collection. Silva Fennica vol. 59 no. 1 article id 25004. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.25004
Keywords: site preparation; cost-efficiency; mechanization; forest regeneration; planting machine; site selection
Highlights: With proper site selection and competent machine operators, it is possible to achieve a higher productivity than 200 seedlings per operating hour in excavator-based mechanized planting; The hectare-based regeneration costs from excavator-based mechanized planting can be 3% lower than those of conventional manual planting chains; The most cost-efficient planting chain was a continuously advancing mounder combined with manual planting.
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article id 24041, category Research article
Johanna Jetsonen, Annamari Laurén, Heli Peltola, Katariina Laurén, Samuli Launiainen, Marjo Palviainen. (2025). Volume growth responses of Scots pine and Norway spruce to nitrogen fertilization: quantitative synthesis of fertilization experiments in Finland. Silva Fennica vol. 59 no. 1 article id 24041. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.24041
Keywords: precipitation; growth response; mineral soils; site fertility
Highlights: Volume growth responses increased linearly with the applied nitrogen (N) dose up to 200 kg N ha–1; Precipitation, site fertility, and time since fertilization affected the growth responses; Volume growth response to nitrogen fertilization was larger for Scots pine than for Norway spruce; Results can support planning of environmentally responsible and economically viable precision fertilization.
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article id 24047, category Research article
Kalle Kemppainen, Kalle Kärhä, Juha Laitila, Antti Sairanen, Ville Kankaanhuhta, Heli Viiri, Heli Peltola. (2024). RETRACTED: Evaluation of the productivity and costs of excavator-based mechanized tree planting in Finland based on automated data collection. Silva Fennica vol. 58 no. 5 article id 24047. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.24047
Keywords: site preparation; cost-efficiency; mechanization; forest regeneration; planting machine; site selection
Highlights: With proper site selection and competent machine operators, it is possible to achieve a higher productivity than 200 seedlings per operating hour in excavator-based mechanized planting; The hectare-based regeneration costs from excavator-based mechanized planting can be 5% lower than those of conventional manual planting chains; The most cost-efficient planting chain was a continuously advancing mounder combined with manual planting.
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article id 23030, category Research article
Harri Silvennoinen, Laura Pikkarainen, Heini Nakola, Matti Koivula, Liisa Tyrväinen, Jukka Tikkanen, Philip Chambers, Heli Peltola. (2024). Consistency of video and photo surveys in measuring attractiveness of forest stands managed with varying intensities. Silva Fennica vol. 58 no. 3 article id 23030. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.23030
Keywords: environment; assessment; forest treatment; preference; visualization
Highlights: The more intensely a forest is treated silviculturally, the less it corresponds to people’s wishes and expectations for nature; It is possible to assess the attractiveness of nature from both photographs and videos; Evaluations from videos and images differed slightly, but these differences do not affect how treatments are ranked; Photo and video assessments are not easy for everyone.
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article id 23045, category Research article
Laura Pikkarainen, Harri Strandman, Eerik Vento, Aaron Petty, Olli-Pekka Tikkanen, Antti Kilpeläinen, Heli Peltola. (2024). Effects of forest conservation and management on timber, ecosystem carbon, dead wood and habitat suitability area in a boreal forest under climate change. Silva Fennica vol. 58 no. 2 article id 23045. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.23045
Keywords: saproxylic species; simulation; carbon storage; forest fertilization; Fennoscandia; forest ecosystems services; improved regeneration material
Highlights: Increasing forest conservation areas increased all other ecosystem services except timber yield. Intensive forest management enhanced this increase; Increased conservation area decreased timber yield, but intensive forest management reduced this effect and even overcompensated it at the end of simulation period in the 10% conservation scenario with intensified forest management; Climate change increased all other ecosystem services, except carbon stocks.
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article id 23058, category Research article
Johanna Jetsonen, Annamari Laurén, Heli Peltola, Olli Muhonen, Juha Nevalainen, Veli-Pekka Ikonen, Antti Kilpeläinen, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Elisa Männistö, Nicola Kokkonen, Marjo Palviainen. (2024). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the ground vegetation cover and soil chemical properties in Scots pine and Norway spruce stands. Silva Fennica vol. 58 no. 1 article id 23058. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.23058
Keywords: boreal forest; competition index; forest fertilization; upland forests; vegetation cover
Highlights: Nitrogen (N) fertilization decreased the total cover of ground vegetation; N fertilization decreased the cover of mosses and dwarf shrubs and increased the cover of herbaceous plants; N concentration of the mor humus layer increased with the N fertilization; The magnitude of these changes depended on the intensity of the N fertilization.
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article id 10243, category Research article
Laura Pikkarainen, Jaana Luoranen, Antti Kilpeläinen, Teppo Oijala, Heli Peltola. (2020). Comparison of planting success in one-year-old spring, summer and autumn plantings of Norway spruce and Scots pine under boreal conditions. Silva Fennica vol. 54 no. 1 article id 10243. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10243
Keywords: Pinus sylvestris; Picea abies; seedling damage; forest regeneration; field performance; planting season
Highlights: In Norway spruce, 84% of all plantings were successful, whereas in Scots pine, the corresponding number was 52%; The major reason for poor planting results was poor work quality; An extended planting season is possible for Norway spruce in southern and central Finland; In Scots pine, there are still large uncertainties in the success of summer and autumn plantings.
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article id 9980, category Research article
Eino Levkoev, Lauri Mehtätalo, Katri Luostarinen, Pertti Pulkkinen, Anatoly Zhigunov, Heli Peltola. (2018). Development of height growth and frost hardiness for one-year-old Norway spruce seedlings in greenhouse conditions in response to elevated temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 3 article id 9980. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.9980
Keywords: climate change; Picea abies; needles; tree growth; seedlings; cold acclimation
Highlights: Elevated temperature resulted in increased height growth, delayed onset and shortened duration of autumn frost hardiness development in Norway spruce seedlings; Elevated temperature increased variation between genotypes in height growth and frost hardiness development; Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration had no effect on the development of height or autumn frost hardiness in Norway spruce seedlings.
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article id 441, category Research article
Ane Zubizarreta-Gerendiain, Petri Pellikka, Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo, Veli-Pekka Ikonen, Heli Peltola. (2012). Factors affecting wind and snow damage of individual trees in a small management unit in Finland: assessment based on inventoried damage and mechanistic modelling. Silva Fennica vol. 46 no. 2 article id 441. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.441
Keywords: Pinus sylvestris; Picea abies; Betula spp.; critical wind speed; snow loading; damage risk
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article id 30, category Research article
Hilppa Gregow, Heli Peltola, Mikko Laapas, Seppo Saku, Ari Venäläinen. (2011). Combined occurrence of wind, snow loading and soil frost with implications for risks to forestry in Finland under the current and changing climatic conditions. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 1 article id 30. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.30
Keywords: A1B-scenario; climate change; snow loads; soil frost; stem breakage; uprooting; wind
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article id 120, category Research article
Antti J. Lukkarinen, Seppo Ruotsalainen, Teijo Nikkanen, Heli Peltola. (2010). Survival, height growth and damages of Siberian (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) and Dahurian (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) larch provenances in field trials located in southern and northern Finland. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 5 article id 120. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.120
Keywords: height growth; survival; larch; Larix; provenance; seedling damage
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article id 455, category Research article
Seppo Kellomäki, Matti Maajärvi, Harri Strandman, Antti Kilpeläinen, Heli Peltola. (2010). Model computations on the climate change effects on snow cover, soil moisture and soil frost in the boreal conditions over Finland. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 2 article id 455. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.455
Keywords: climate change; soil frost; precipitation; temperature; A2 climate scenario; snow accumulation; soil carrying capacity; soil moisture
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article id 202, category Research article
Tuula Nuutinen, Antti Kilpeläinen, Hannu Hirvelä, Kari Härkönen, Veli-Pekka Ikonen, Reetta Lempinen, Heli Peltola, Lars Wilhelmsson, Seppo Kellomäki. (2009). Future wood and fibre sources – case North Karelia in eastern Finland. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 202. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.202
Keywords: National Forest Inventory; fibre length; wood density; proportion of latewood; forest scenario analysis
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article id 197, category Research article
Veli-Pekka Ikonen, Seppo Kellomäki, Heli Peltola. (2009). Sawn timber properties of Scots pine as affected by initial stand density, thinning and pruning: a simulation based approach. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 197. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.197
Keywords: three-dimensional modeling; sawing simulator; knots; Pinus sylvestris L.; shading
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article id 194, category Research article
Ane Zubizarreta Gerendiain, Heli Peltola, Pertti Pulkkinen. (2009). Growth and wood property traits in narrow crowned Norway spruce (Picea abies f. pendula) clones grown in southern Finland. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 194. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.194
Keywords: fibre length; stem volume; height; diameter; wood density; earlywood; latewood
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article id 193, category Research article
Jaume Gort, Ane Zubizarreta Gerendiain, Heli Peltola, Pertti Pulkkinen, Johanna Routa, Raimo Jaatinen. (2009). Differences in fibre properties in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) genetic entries grown at different spacing and sites. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 193. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.193
Keywords: fibre length; fibre width; genetic entry; growth; wood density; coarseness; spacing
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article id 192, category Research article
Heli Peltola, Jaume Gort, Pertti Pulkkinen, Ane Zubizarreta Gerendiain, Jouni Karppinen, Veli-Pekka Ikonen. (2009). Differences in growth and wood density traits in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) genetic entries grown at different spacing and sites. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 192. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.192
Keywords: genetic entry; stem volume; height; diameter; wood property traits; phenotypic correlation
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article id 215, category Research article
Antti J. Lukkarinen, Seppo Ruotsalainen, Teijo Nikkanen, Heli Peltola. (2009). The growth rhythm and height growth of seedlings of Siberian (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) and Dahurian (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) larch provenances in greenhouse conditions. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 1 article id 215. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.215
Keywords: height growth; larch; Larix; provenance; growth rhythm
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article id 231, category Research article
Hilppa Gregow, Ulla Puranen, Ari Venäläinen, Heli Peltola, Seppo Kellomäki, David Schultz. (2008). Temporal and spatial occurrence of strong winds and large snow load amounts in Finland during 1961-2000. Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 4 article id 231. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.231
Keywords: soil frost; coniferous forest; wind climate; precipitation; snow
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article id 247, category Research article
Ane Zubizarreta Gerendiain, Heli Peltola, Pertti Pulkkinen, Veli-Pekka Ikonen, Raimo Jaatinen. (2008). Differences in growth and wood properties between narrow and normal crowned types of Norway spruce grown at narrow spacing in Southern Finland. Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 3 article id 247. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.247
Keywords: fibre length; stem volume; height; diameter; wood density; earlywood; latewood
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article id 285, category Research article
Heli Peltola, Antti Kilpeläinen, Kari Sauvala, Tommi Räisänen, Veli-Pekka Ikonen. (2007). Effects of early thinning regime and tree status on the radial growth and wood density of Scots pine. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 3 article id 285. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.285
Keywords: thinning response; ring width; early wood; late wood; intra-ring wood density; X-ray densitometry
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article id 299, category Research article
Hongcheng Zeng, Timo Pukkala, Heli Peltola, Seppo Kellomäki. (2007). Application of ant colony optimization for the risk management of wind damage in forest planning. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 2 article id 299. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.299
Keywords: harvest scheduling; heuristics; genetic algorithms; simulated annealing; spatial optimization
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article id 523, category Research article
Heli Peltola, Jari Miina, Ismo Rouvinen, Seppo Kellomäki. (2002). Effect of early thinning on the diameter growth distribution along the stem of Scots pine. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 4 article id 523. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.523
Keywords: Scots pine; early thinnings; thinning responses; diameter growth; growth distribution
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Category : Commentary

article id 462, category Commentary
Jean-Michel Leban, Heli Peltola, Sanna Leinonen, Christine Todoroki, Sophie D'Amours, Barry Gardiner, Jim Goudie, Eini Lowell, Thomas Seifert, Erkki Verkasalo, Lars Wilhelmsson, Tuula Nuutinen. (2009). Preface. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 462. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.462
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